On September 7, 2022, Sixty-eight international officials sent an open letter to the Belgian Prime Minister and warned against Assadollah Assadi‘s release.
It is stated in this letter that “Releasing Assadollah Assadi back to Iran would only fuel the culture of impunity that exists for Iran’s officials.”
Sixty-eight signatories are from 25 countries, including 17 European countries.
The legal experts of the United Nations and the European Union are among the 68 officials who, in an open letter, asked the Belgian Prime Minister not to allow the condemned Iranian regime’s diplomat-terrorist Assadollah Assadi to return to Iran. Assadi is currently serving a 20-year prison sentence in Belgium for attempting to bomb an international gathering organized by an Iranian Resistance (NCRI) in Paris in 2018.

The full text of this letter with the names and details of the signatories is as follows:

We, experts in the field of human rights, criminal justice, and international law, are deeply concerned to hear that the government of Belgium intends to free an Iranian diplomat currently serving a 20- year imprisonment sentence for attempting to bomb an international summit. Releasing Assadollah Assadi back to Iran would only fuel the culture of impunity that exists for Iran’s officials.

Assadi was convicted by the Belgian Judiciary for masterminding the attempted bombing of the summit in France in 2018. The court concluded in its decision that Assadi personally transferred a powerful bomb in his diplomatic bag on a commercial flight from Iran to Austria and later handed the bomb to two terrorists to use at the ‘Free Iran’ convention, organised by the Iranian dissident group ‘National Council of Resistance of Iran’ and attended by tens of thousands of people including hundreds of distinguished international personalities.

The Belgian Judiciary handed down a definitive maximum possible sentence to Assadi and stated that he was acting on behalf of the Iranian state.

Iran’s officials have publicly declared that they do not recognise the decision by the Brussels court. On 11 March 2022, Belgium quietly signed a treaty1 with Iran that allows persons sentenced in the territory of either party to be transferred to the territory of the other party.

Allowing Assadi to serve the remainder of his 20-year sentence in Iran, the state which was responsible for the attempted terrorist bombing, would make a mockery of the rule of law and foster further impunity for the Iranian government and its officials involved in terrorism and crimes against humanity.2

Most worryingly, Article 13 of the treaty signed with Iran states: “Each Party may grant pardon, amnesty or commutation of the sentence in accordance with its Constitution or other laws.”

That article would effectively allow the Iranian government to grant pardon to Assadi the moment he arrives in Iran.
Transferring Assadi to Iran would effectively free him from serving his sentence and would set a dangerous precedent and seriously weaken the rule of law in Europe. It would encourage more Iranian terrorism on EU soil and reassure Iranian officials that they could evade responsibility for major international crimes. Belgium would bear heavy responsibility in this regard.

Already, Belgian and international legal experts3 and human rights groups4 have warned against Belgium’s treaty with Iran being used to grant impunity for state officials and agents responsible for serious human rights violations and crimes under international law.

Following a complaint filed by the NCRI and several international dignitaries, who were the potential victims of the terrorist plot, the Brussels Court of Appeal issued a temporary ruling blocking the transfer of Assadi to Iran.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1373, which was adopted after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and which is binding on all UN Member States, decides that all States shall: “Ensure that any person who participates in the financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice and ensure that, in addition to any other measures against them, such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts.” (S/RES/1373, 28 Sept. 2001).

We respectfully remind you that Article 25 of the UN Charter specifically states: “The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.”

Furthermore, Article 103 of the UN Charter provides: “In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail.”

Iran is currently engaging in hostage diplomacy. It has in recent times arrested a number of European citizens or dual nationals on spurious charges. Accordingly, state media have stated plainly that these individuals would only be freed if Assadi is released back to Iran. A lenient approach in this regard would undermine the rule of law in Europe and could also lead to more acts of terrorism.

We strongly urge the government of Belgium to resist Iran’s hostage diplomacy tactics. Rather than helping to foster impunity in Iran by releasing a convicted terrorist, the Belgian government should unequivocally declare that Assadollah Assadi will not be released back to Iran and that he must serve the remainder of his sentence in Belgium.

Yours sincerely,

Signed by:

• Prof. Eric David
• Tahar Boumedra
• Judge Baroness Christine Van den Wyngaert
• Thomas Hammarberg
• Prof. Christian Tomuschat
• Prof. Stefan Trechsel
• Anne Ramberg
• Prof. Pierre d’Argent
• Amb. Hans Corell
• Dainius Pūras
• Prof. Alfred De Zayas
• Ad Melkert
• Prof. Sir Geoffrey Nice QC
• Prof. Andrzej Rzepliński
• Prof. Jean Ziegler
• Gulnara Shahinian
• Sonja Biserko
• Prof. Josef Azizi
• Prof. Vilenas Vadapalas
• Prof. Valeriu M. Ciucă
• Maria Candida Almeida
• Amb. François Zimeray
• William Bourdon
• Amb. Ken Blackwell
• Dr. Juan E. Garcés
• John Baird
• Frej Fenniche
• Geoffrey Robertson AO QC
• Sergio D’Elia
• Judge Tom C. Rawlings
• Eric Sottas
• Peter Haynes QC
• Prof. Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen
• Prof. Steven M. Schneebaum
• Lord Alton of Liverpool
• Antonio Stango
• Dr. Élise Le Gall
• Rep. Patrick Kennedy
• Charles A. Adeogun-Phillips
• Ingrid Betancourt
• Ezechia Paolo Reale
• Prof. René Provost
• Dr. Fabián O. Raimondo
• Toby Cadman
• Elisabetta Zamparutti
• Prof. Sara Chandler QC
• Prof. Nicholas Grief
• Prof. Pearl Eliadis
• Abbé Jolles
• Prof. Felicity Gerry QC
• Jonathan Elystan Rees QC
• Brian Kennedy
• Achille Campagna
• Amos Waldman
• Dr. James Mehigan
• Elisabeth Rabesandratana
• Kurt Kerns
• Prof. Juan Carlos Manriquez
• Silke Studzinsky
• Malcolm Fowler
• Maria Elena Elverdin
• Virginia Romero Banon
• Cristina Almeida
  Co-signatory academic institutions and NGOs:
• Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention
• Guernica 37 Chambers
• Italian Federation for Human Rights – Federazione Italiana Diritti Umani (FIDU)
• Hands Off Cain
• Justice for the Victims of the 1988 Massacre in Iran (JVMI)

The original letter: